
SS Tripathy Chemistry Classes
Since 2002
Page Title
ଯୋଜ୍ୟତା
(Valency)
ମୌଳିକମାନଙ୍କର ପ୍ରତୀକ (Symbols of Elements)
ଦୀର୍ଘକାୟ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀର 18 ଟି ସୁମ୍ଭ ବା ଗ୍ରୁପ୍ (Groups) ଓ 7 ଟି ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ବା ପିରିୟଡ଼ (Periods)ରେ ସମୁଦାୟ 118 ଟି ମୌଳିକ ସଜ୍ଜା ଯାଇଛି । ମୌଳିକମାଙ୍କୁ ନିର୍ଭୁଲ ଭାବରେ ଚିହ୍ନଟ କରିବାକୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକଙ୍କର ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ପ୍ରତୀକ (symbol) ରହିଛି । ଅନେକ ମୌଳିକର ପ୍ରତୀକ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଲାଟିନ ନାମରୁ ନିଆଯାଇଛି; ଆଉ କିଛି ଗ୍ରୀକ୍, ଜର୍ମାନ ଓ ଇଂରାଜୀ ନାମରୁ ନିଆଯାଇଛି । ଦୁଇ ମୌଳିକର ପ୍ରଥମ ଅକ୍ଷର ସମାନ ଥିଲେ ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ଅକ୍ଷର ଦ୍ଵାରା ଚିହ୍ନଟ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ ।
ଉଦାହରଣ : F-Fluorine, Fe-Iron(Ferrum)
ଗୁପ 1,2 (ବାମ ଭାଗ) 13 ରୁ 18(ଡ଼ାହାଣ ଭାଗ)ର ମୌଳିକମାନଙ୍କୁ ସାଧାରଣ ମୌଳିକ (Normal Elements) ଓ ଗୁପ 3 ରୁ 12 (ମଝି ଭାଗ) ମୌଳିକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଟ୍ରାନ୍ଜିସନ୍ ମୌଳିକ (Transitional Elements) କୁହାଯାଏ । ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧରେ ବିସ୍ତୃତ ଆଲୋଚନା ପର ଅଧ୍ୟାୟରେ କରାଯିବ । ନିମ୍ନରେ ଗ୍ରୁପ୍ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ସମସ୍ତ ମୌଳିକମାନଙ୍କର ନାମ,ପ୍ରତୀକ ଓ ପରମାଣୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟା(Atomic Number) ଦିଆଯାଇଛି। ପରମାଣୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ହେଲା ସେହି ମୌଳିକର ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀରେ କ୍ରମିକ ସଂଖ୍ୟା (serial number), ଯାହା ମୌଳିକ ପରମାଣୁର ନ୍ୟୁକ୍ଲିୟସରେ ଥିବା ପ୍ରୋଟନ ସଂଖ୍ୟା କିମ୍ବା ଏକ ପ୍ରଶମିତ ପରମାଣୁର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ସେଲରେ ଥିବା ସମୁଦାୟ ଇଲେକଟ୍ରନ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ସହିତ ସମାନ ।
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
H : Hydrogen(1)
Li : Lithium(3) Be : Beryllium(4)
Na : Sodium(11) Mg: Magnesium(12)
K : Potassium(19) Ca : Calcium(20) Sc : Scandium(21) Ti : Titanium(22)
Rb: Rubidium(37) Sr : Strontium(38) Y : Yttrium(39) Zr : Zirconium(40)
Cs: Caesium(55) Ba : Barium(56) La : Lanthanum(57) Hf : Hafnium(72)
Fr: Francium(87) Ra: Radium(88) Ac : Actinium(89) Rf : Rutherfordium(104)
Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
V : Vanadium(23) Cr : Chromium(24) Mn : Manganese(25) Fe : Iron(26)
Nb : Niobium(41) Mo : Molybdenum(42) Tc : Technetium(43) Ru : Ruthenium(44)
Ta : Tantalum(73) W : Tungsten(74) Re : Rhenium(75) Os : Osmium(76)
Db: Dubnium(105) Sg : Seaborgium(106) Bh : Bohrium(107) Hs: Hassium(108)
Group 9 Group 10 Group 11 Group 12
Co : Cobalt(27) Ni : Nickel(28) Cu : Copper(29) Zn : Zinc(30)
Rh : Rhodium(45) Pd : Palladium(46) Ag : Silver(47) Cd : Cadmium(48)
Ir : Iridium(77) Pt : Platinum(78) Au : Gold (79) Hg : Mercury(80)
Mt : Meitnerium(109) Ds: Darmstadtium(110) Rg : Roentgenium(111) Cn: Copernicium(112)
Group 13 Group 14 Group 15 Group 16
B : Boron(5) C : Carbon(6) N : Nitrogen(7) O : Oxyge(8)
Al :Aluminium(13) Si : Silicon(14) P : Phosphorus(15) S : Sulphur(16)
Ga : Gallium(31) Ge : Germanium(32) As : Arsenic(33) Se : Selenium(34)
In : Indium(49) Sn : Tin(50) Sb: Antimony(51) Te : Tellurium(52)
Tl : Thallium(81) Pb : Lead(82) Bi : Bismuth(83) Po :Polonium(84)
Nh : Nihonium(113) Fl: Flerovium(114) Mc : Moscovium(115) Lv : Livermorium(116)
Group 17 Group 18
He : Helium (2)
F : Fluorine(9) Ne : Neon(10)
Cl : Chlorine(17) Ar : Argon(18)
Br : Bromine(35) Kr : Krypton(36)
I : Iodine (53) Xe : Xenon(54)
At : Astatine(85) Rn : Radon(86)
Ts : Tennessine(117) Og : Oganesson(118)
Group 3 (contd) Group 3(contd) Group 3 (contd) Group 3(contd)
Ce : Cerium(58) Tb : Terbium(65) Th : Thorium(90) Bk : Berkelium(97)
Pr : Praseodymium(59) Dy : Dysprosium(66) Pa :Protactinium(91) Cf : Californium(98)
Nd: Neodymium(60) Ho : Holmium(67) U : Uranium (92) Es : Einsteinium(99)
Pm : Promethium(61) Er : Erbium(68) Np : Neptunium(93) Fm: Fermium(100)
Sm: Samarium(62) Tm : Thulium(69) Pu : Plutonium(94) Md: Mendelevium(101)
Eu : Europium(63) Yb : Ytterbium(70) Am : Americium(95) No : Nobelium(102)
Gd : Gadolinium(64) Lu : Lutetium(71) Cm : Curium(96) Lr : Lawrencium(103)
Latin names of elements whose common names are different
Na : Natrium(Sodium) Fe : Ferrum(Iron) Hg : Hydragyrum(Mercury)
K : Kalium(Potassium) Ag : Argentum(Silver) Pb : Plumbum(Lead)
Cu : Cuprum(Copper) Au : Aurum(Gold) Sb: Stibium(Antimony)
Sn: Stannum(Tin) W : Wolfram(Tungsten)
N.B: Wolfram is a Greek word
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